While we know that cities can be drivers for the achievement of Agenda 2030, lack of sufficient finance for investment in infrastructure and sustainable development prevents urban populations from reaching their full potential and increases the overall costs of municipalities. One obstacle for unleashing adequate finance is that there is a lack of understanding on the basic costs of a city. This necessitates a comprehensive costing estimation for SDG 11 on sustainable urbanization.

There is also a lack of capacity to cover such costs, partly stemming from inadequate awareness of the total financing capacity currently available and how to access it. This report presents an innovative pilot on how to count the costs for achieving SDG 11 developed by UN-Habitat and AidData. It furthermore presents UN-Habitat estimations on the total SDG and infrastructure investment gap as well as the total private and public financing capacity available. Finally, the report discusses possibilities for bridging the investment gap for SDG 11 and urban infrastructure, with a special emphasis on how local governments can access the currently underutilized institutional investor capacity.

规划的地位至关重要。全球城镇化正在迅速推 进，到2050年，每十个人中将有七个人居住在 城市。规划政策、方案和设计不当导致了人群 和活动空间分布的不合理，贫民窟蔓延，交通 拥堵，穷人难以享受基本公共服务，自然环境 恶化，社会不公和隔离。

Невозможно переоценить важность планирования. Урбанизация приняла стремительный характер, и к 2050 году каждый седьмой человек будет жить в городе. Неправильные политика, планирование и дизайн приводят к нерациональному пространственному распределению людей и деятельности, что оборачивается распространением трущоб, перенаселенностью, плохим доступом к базовым услугам, ухудшением состояния окружающей среды, социальным неравенством и сегрегацией.

都市化において、計画は何をおいても必要なも のです。急激な都市化により、2050 年には10 人中7 人が都市居住者となると言われています。 誤った政策、計画、デザインにより、人と様々 な活動が都市空間の中で適切に配置されず、そ の結果、スラムの拡大、人口過密、基本的サー ビスの欠如、環境破壊、そして社会的格差や人 種的分離という問題が生じています。 「都市と国土計画に係る国際ガイドライン」は、 都市と国土計画の体制を検討するにあたって、 意思決定者や都市専門家にインスピレーション を与え、方向を示す羅針盤となります。本ガイ ドラインは、政府、地方自治体、市民団体、そ して都市計画の専門家に、コンパクトで社会的 包摂性に富み、持続的、統合的で接続性に優れ た都市を建設するための国際的な参考枠組みを 提供するものです。それにより、持続可能で気 候変動にレジリエンスのある都市の開発を促進 します。

Nunca enfatizaremos o suficiente a importância imprescindível do planejamento. A urbanização está progredindo com rapidez e, até 2050, sete de cada dez pessoas estarão morando em cidades. Políticas, planos e desenhos inapropriados levaram a uma distribuição espacial inadequada de pessoas e atividades inadequada, resultando na proliferação de favelas, congestionamentos, acesso limitado a serviços básicos, degradação ambiental, inequidade social e segregação.

As Diretrizes Internacionais para Planejamento Urbano e Territorial incluem doze princípios fundamentais e uma série de recomendações orientadas para a ação, baseadas em fortes evidências, práticas inspiradoras e lições aprendidas de várias regiões e contextos. As Diretrizes enfatizam a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada para o planejamento e abrange áreas de política e governança urbana, desenvolvimento urbano sustentável, elementos de planejamento e mecanismos de implementação e monitoramento.

《加强城市安全与保障 全球人类住区报告2007》分析了对城市安全和保障造成威胁的三个主要问题，分别是：城市犯罪与暴力，房屋／土地保有权缺乏保障和强制驱逐，以及自然和人为灾害。报告分析了世界范围内这些问题存在的条件和发展趋势，着力强调了它们的潜在成因及影响，并列举了在城市、国家和全球层面行之有效的政策和措施。报告从人类安全的角度出发，关注人类的安全与保障问题而非国家安全问题，而且这些问题可以通过有效的城市政策、规划、设计及治理措施得到解决。

Dengan penduduk perkotaan dunia telah melampaui ambang batas lima puluh persen dari penduduk global, telah menjadi semakin jelas bahwa kehidupan urban menjadi masa depan. Urbanisasi maju pesat, khususnya di negara-negara berkembang, dan diikuti dengan berbagai peluang dan tantangan.Aglomerasi memungkinkan adanya skala ekonomi yang signifikan untuk kota dan daerah, tetapi juga menimbulkan berbagai biaya dan eksternalitas yang terkait dengan kebisingan, kemacetan, dan polusi. Tantangan global seperti perubahan iklim dan terkurasnya sumber daya mempengaruhi banyak bidang dalam berbagai cara dan membutuhkan respons-respons baru yang inovatif.

The need for planning cannot be over-emphasized. Urbanization is progressing rapidly and by 2050, seven out of ten people will be living in cities. Inappropriate policies, plans and designs have led to inadequate spatial distribution of people and activities, resulting in proliferation of slums, congestion, poor access to basic services, environmental degradation, and social inequity and segregation.

The International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning serve both as a source of inspiration and a compass for decision makers and urban professionals when reviewing urban and territorial planning systems. The Guidelines provide national governments, local authorities, civil society organizations and planning professionals with a global reference framework that promotes more compact, socially inclusive, better integrated and connected cities and territories that foster sustainable urban development and are resilient to climate change.

In Ethiopia, the profiling was undertaken under the leadership of national and local authorities. This initiative has been carried out locally in Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa and Ambo, as well as nationally. The Ethiopia National Profile focuses on the findings of a desk-study, interviews with key actors, and country-wide consultations with key urban actors and institutions.

Consultation participants agreed to address the salient urban issues including poverty, insecurity, corruption, pollution and crime - all problems that negatively affect investments and economic development. A consensus was reached on priority interventions in the form of programme and project proposals to be implemented.