Women are at risk of violence both in public and private spheres, in and around the home, in neighbourhoods and at city level. Risk is infl uenced by urban design choices and the organisation of public services including transport and energy, amongst other things. Women experience a higher degree of insecurity which can restrict their access and use of the city. UN-HABITAT supports sustainability and inclusiveness in our cities.But women and girls still experience a higher degree of insecurity as compared to men and boys, which limits their access to city services.

To create inclusive cities that respect the rights of everyone, we need to create conditions and physical environments where women, men, girls and boys can live, work, go to school, move around, and socialise without fear of harm. We also need to change attitudes and policies that perpetuate violence against women. This is essential for economic and social development and for meeting the Millennium Development Goal commitments entered into by the international community in 2000.

Le présent Outil d’évaluation pour la prévention du crime est un instrument qui a été mis au point conjointement par l’Office des Nations Unies contre la drogue et le crime (UNODC) et le Programme des Nations Unies pour les établissements humains (ONU-HABITAT) afin d’encourager la programmation commune au niveau des pays. Cet outil constitue une étape fondamentale vers des approches plus intégrées et durables en matière de prévention du crime, ainsi qu’un important pas en avant pour la collaboration interinstitutionnelle à l’échelon national.

Il est important d’utiliser cet Outil en association avec la Compilation principale, qui couvre quatre grands secteurs de la justice: police, accès à la justice, mesures carcérales et mesures non privatives de liberté, et questions transversales (informations sur la justice pénale, justice des mineurs, victimes et témoins, et coopération internationale). Les renvois aux autres outils apparaissent en caractères gras dans le texte, mais il est utile d’avoir un aperçu général des autres composantes au préalable. En général, compte tenu de cette approche multisectorielle, et en particulier lorsqu’on aborde les problématiques en milieu urbain, il est également nécessaire de se référer expressément à l’ensemble des composantes du secteur.

Excluded from the city's opportunities, physically, politically and economically marginalized, slum dwellers are particularly vulnerable to crime and violence. They face an acute risk of becoming victims or offenders and live in a state of constant insecurity. Only a few cities have incorporated a coherent component to prevent crime and mitigate violence in their urban development agendas.

Impact on urban safety has occurred somewhat unexpectedly. That is the main lesson to be drawn from the pages of this book: urban policy integration.

This paper summarizes the outcome of an international conference on addressing the issue of urban youth in conflict with the law in Africa. It discusses the most effective responses to youth crime and violence which centre on prevention and inclusion (especially of youth in government) rather than exclusion, punishment and incarceration.

It also highlights the key role for local governments in developing effective local responses that draw in and support all key local actors (parents, schools, police, businesses).

To better understand crime and public perceptions of safety in Tanzania, victimisation surveys were carried out in Arusha, Dar es Salaam and Mtwara. A fundamental requirement for the prevention and control of crime is the availability of reliable data. To this end the Arusha Municipal Council, the Dar es Salaam City Council (Safer Cities) and the Mtwara Spatial Development Initiative located within the National Development Corporation, in partnership with the Mtwara-Mikandani Town and Mtwara Rural Councils, requested that such a study to be undertaken in each of their constituencies.

The surveys consisted of 1,150 interviews in Arusha and 1,100 each in Dar es Salaam and Mtwara. The demographic component of the survey gathered information on 13,373 persons living in 3,256 households across the three areas. The average household size was 4,2 people in Arusha and 4,1 in both Mtwara and Dar es Salaam—figures that compare favourably with the 2002 Census. Over three quarters of all household members over the age of 19 were not engaged in any income earning activities. Indeed, only 11% enjoyed intermittent earnings and a miniscule 5% had a regular income from formal sector employment.

In March 2000, two studies were conducted into crime and violence in Dar es Salaam – a victim survey and a series of in-depth interviews on violence against women. The studies were initiated by the Safer Cities project in Dar es Salaam and UN Habitat in Nairobi to gain an understanding of crime levels in communities within the city council’s area of jurisdiction to assist in the development of a crime reduction strategy for the city.

Based on methodologies similar to those used in South African cities for gathering crime information and supplementing police statistics, the study consisted of a household victim survey of 1 000 interviews and 42 in-depth interviews with women who had experienced violence and abuse. The questionnaires, refined through the experiences and results of surveys conducted in South Africa, were adapted to the Dar es Salaam environment.

The inspiration for the Johannesburg conference came in 1996 during the Vancouver conference on crime prevention for practitioners. It was realised that South Africa had an important role to play in the international crime prevention debate, both as an example of successful initiatives, and as a learning opportunity for South Africans to become better informed about developments in crime prevention internationally.

The result was the second international conference for crime prevention practitioners, Urban Safety – Safety for All. This publication is a representation of the proceedings. It has been structured around summaries of papers in order to assist practitioners to find specific issues. Thus, the structure is thematic, based on the elements of crime prevention: crime information, the roles of national and local government, the police, communities and partnerships, and monitoring and implementation.

The aim of the report is to provide an overview of what is being done in crime prevention and by whom, in the hope that it will generate more discussion and debate to further the development of crime prevention strategies in countries around the world.

This Compendium has been compiled to accompany the Workshop on Strategies and best practices in crime prevention, in particular in relation to urban crime and youth at risk in the context of the 11th UN Congress on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice in Bangkok, Thailand from 18-25th April 2005.

The goal of this document is to make evident the situation of young people living at risk in Latin America and to propose policies to face this problem.

This policy paper forms part of UN-HABITAT’S Global Campaign on Urban Governance. The Campaign fosters the implementation of the Habitat Agenda goal of achieving sustainable human settlements in an urbanising world. Improving urban governance has been recognised internationally as one of the crucial steps towards the eradication of poverty.

The Campaign’s aim, therefore, is to raise awareness of, and advocate for, good urban governance around the world, and to increase the capacity of local governments and other stakeholders to practice good governance in urban settings.